Role of arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction on lower limb performance in older adults with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study

AimTo verify whether arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction influence lower limb muscle strength and gait speed in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsCross-sectional study including seventy-eight older adults with T2DM (aged 67 ± 6 years and 42 % male). Arterial stiffness was assessed using pulse wave velocity (PWV), while endothelial function was measured by flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Lower limb muscle strength and gait speed were assessed using the 30-second chair stand test (30s-CST) and 10-Meter Walk Test, respectively.ResultsBoth PWV (m/s) and FMD (%) were univariately associated with number of repetitions in 30s-CST and gait speed (P < 0.05). After control for age, sex and body mass index, PWV remained associated with repetitions in 30s-CST (95 % CI: ?0.494 to ?0.054; P = 0.015) and gait speed (95 % CI: ?0.039 to ?0.002; P = 0.031). After adjustments for control variables, T2DM duration and glycemic control, FMD was associated with repetitions in 30s-CST (95 % CI: 0.008 to 0.324; P = 0.039) and gait speed (95 % CI: 0.011 to 0.038; P = 0.001).ConclusionIn older adults with T2DM, both arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction are associated with decreased leg muscle strength and slower gait speed.     

Gender difference in association between diabetes mellitus and all-cause mortality in atrial fibrillation patients

ObjectiveThere may be gender difference in correlation of diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular events. We attempt to investigate whether there is gender-heterogeneity in one-year outcomes of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with DM or not.MethodsPatients who were diagnosed with AF admitted to the emergency departments in the Chinese AF Multicenter Registry study were enrolled. Basic demographics information, initial Blood Pressure and heart rate, medical histories, and treatments of each patient were collected. Follow-up was carried out with a mean duration of one year. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality and systemic embolism.ResultsA total of 2016 patients were selected from September 2008 and April 2011. All-cause mortality was significantly higher in male AF patients with DM than those without (21.8 % & 13.6 %, P = 0.014). Cox regression analysis showed that there was an interaction between gender and DM for one-year all-cause mortality (P = 0.049). DM was significantly associated with one-year all-cause mortality regardless of univariate analysis (HR = 1.436, 95%CI:1.079–1.911, P = 0.013) or multivariate analysis (HR = 1.418, 95%CI: 1.059–1.899, P = 0.019). For male patients with AF, DM was significantly associated with one-year all-cause mortality (P = 0.048), but not for female patients with AF (P = 0.362).ConclusionDM was independently associated with one-year all-cause mortality in the entire cohort of AF patients. This association was found mainly in male patients with AF, but not in female patients. DM management programs may need to reflect gender difference.     

Severe periodontitis is associated with the serum levels of hypersensitive C reactive protein and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 in the patients of acute ischemic stroke

BackgroundPeriodontitis is associated with the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic plaque, and hypersensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) are the serum biomarkers of the stability of atherosclerotic plaque. Whether periodontitis is associated with the serum level of hs-CRP and Lp-PLA2 of acute ischemic stroke remains unclear.Material and MethodsWe recruited 103 cases with acute ischemic stroke within 7 days after stroke onset. Pocket depth and clinical attachment loss were assessed by oral examination to define the severe periodontitis. Demographic information including gender, age and body weight index, income level, education level, past medical history include smoking history, drinking history, ischemic stroke history, coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia were collected, and serum biomarkers including white blood cell (WBC), fibrinogen, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), lower density lipoprotein (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C), hs-CRP, HemoglobinA1c (HbAlc), Homocysteine (HCY) and Lp-PLA2 were tested.Results65 (63.1%) cases were diagnosed as severe periodontitis. Severe periodontitis group showed more male, age, drinking history, higher levels of hs-CRP and Lp-PLA2. Multivariate logistic regression showed that severe periodontitis was were significantly associated with hs-CRP (OR = 2.367, 95%CI: 1.182–4.738; P = .015) and Lp-PLA2 (OR = 2.577, 95% CI: 1.010–6.574; P = .048).ConclusionsSevere periodontitis is independently associated with the serum Level of hs-CRP and Lp-PLA2 in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Whether the improvement of periodontitis could decrease the occurrence and re-occurrence of ischemic stroke by stablizating atherosclerotic plaque need be further studied in future.     

经皮微波消融联合经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗腰椎转移瘤的疗效

目的 观察微波消融（microwave ablation，MWA）联合经皮穿刺椎体成形术（percutaneous vertebroplasty，PVP）治疗腰椎转移瘤的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2016年6月至2019年6月广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院收治的50例腰椎转移瘤患者的临床资料，其中行经皮椎体成形术26例（PVP 组），经皮微波消融联合经皮椎体成形术24例（PVP+MWA组）。观察两组患者疼痛、功能状态以及骨水泥外渗情况和术后肿瘤复发率。结果 随访6～36个月，PVP组VAS评分从术前的（7.58±1.06） 分降至术后1个月的（3.27±1.40） 分和术后6个月的（3.08±1.60） 分；PVP+MWA组从术前的（7.67±1.05） 分降至术后1个月的（3.04±1.20） 分和术后6个月的（2.96±1.46） 分，两组术后 1个月及6个月的VAS评分低于术前（均P<0.05）,但重复测量方差显示，组间效应差异无统计学意义（F=0.223，P=0.801）。术后1个月，PVP组的KPS评分较术前提升（21.50±11.32） 分，PVP+MWA组较术前提升（19.92±13.19） 分，两者差异无统计学意义（t=0.457，P=0.650）。PVP+MWA 组的骨水泥外渗率（12.5% vs 38.5%，P=0.037）和肿瘤复发率（8.3% vs 30.8%，P=0.048）均低于PVP 组。结论 经皮穿刺椎体成形术单独或联合微波消融治疗腰椎转移瘤均可取得较好临床疗效，两者联合在减少骨水泥外渗及局部肿瘤控制中更有优势。      

Aflibercept in Combination With FOLFIRI as First-line Chemotherapy in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC): A Phase II Study (FFCD 1302)

BackgroundFOLFIRI (irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil, and leucovorin) + aflibercept improves median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Our aim was to investigate efficacy and tolerability of this combination in the first line.Patients and MethodsPatients with untreated documented mCRC received aflibercept plus FOLFIRI every 14 days until progression or unacceptable toxicity in an open, phase II single-arm, multicenter trial. The primary endpoint was the 6-month PFS rate. Secondary endpoints were OS and tolerability. A 2-step Simon design was used with H₀: 55% and H₁= 75%. Data were analyzed in intention to treat.ResultsForty-one patients were included, and 40 were analyzed (1 consent withdrawal) in 9 French centers between October 2014 and February 2017. The median age was 65 years (range, 46-81 years), 55% had ≥ 2 metastatic sites, and 50% and 15% had RAS and BRAF mutations, respectively. Twenty-two (54.5%; 95% confidence interval, 38.9%-68.5%) patients were alive and non-progressive at 6 months. FOLFIRI + aflibercept was considered ineffective, resulting in the cessation of inclusions. The median follow-up was 34 months. The overall response rate was 55%, and the disease control rate was 80%. The median duration of treatment was 5.3 months; the median PFS and OS were 8.2 and 18.6 months, respectively. Grade 3 to 4 adverse events were mainly gastrointestinal (47.5%) and vascular (32.5%). Of the patients, 87.5% had at least 1 dose modification.ConclusionAlthough the primary objective was not met, first-line FOLFIRI + aflibercept for mCRC leads to median PFS and OS close to those reported with classical doublet and targeted agents, but with significant toxicities needing dose reduction.     

12例开放性腋动脉损伤的诊治

目的探讨开放性腋动脉损伤的诊治体会。方法1996年-2002年，共诊治12例开放性腋动脉损伤的患者，从受伤到入院时间为3～14h，入院时均处于不同程度的休克状态，桡动脉搏动减弱或消失。在积极抗休克治疗的同时，急诊进行清创、血管神经探查和修复术。其中行腋动脉修补5例，腋动脉直接吻合6例，自体静脉移植修复1例。结果伤后8h内腋动脉再通8例，8～16h内腋动脉再通4例，无病例发生截肢或死亡。术后伤口均Ⅰ期愈合，桡动脉搏动良好。结论对开放性腋动脉损伤早期诊断和及时手术探查是控制休克、获取良好疗效的关键。     

骶骨肿瘤的分区切除与重建方式的选择

目的：探讨对骶骨肿瘤按其发生部位进行分区切除，选择相应重建方式的方法及疗效。方法：1988年2月-2005年1月手术治疗43例骶骨肿瘤患者，按肿瘤侵及部位（即上段骶骨、骶髂关节及骶髂关节水平向外的髂骨是否被破坏）对骶骨肿瘤进行分区切除并重建，相应的手术及重建方式包括单纯切除、钢针加塑形骨水泥（CPC）重建骶骨、钢板螺钉固定或骶骨螺钉固定重建骶髂关节、不同长度的Luque棒或髂骨棒加钢丝缠扎或TSRH或Isola或CGWS腰椎骨盆内固定。并给予相应的放疗与化疗。结果：术后出现脑脊液漏2例，切口感染及延期愈合3例，切口皮肤边缘坏死1例，下肢深静脉血栓形成1例，经积极处理后均治愈。随访1-17年，平均75个月，43例患者中39例（90．7％）术后疼痛得到缓解，视觉模拟疼痛评分由术前平均8．5分降低到术后3.4分（P〈0．01）。14例有神经功能损害的患者中，11例术后症状改善，3例无改善。20例行自体和或异体植骨的患者术后1年16例获得骨性融合。3例脊索瘤、3例恶性纤维组织细胞瘤和4例骨巨细胞瘤患者于术后1年因复发而进行1次或多次手术，其中有5例和1例骨髓瘤、1例转移癌患者于术后17-50个月因肺部和全身转移死亡。发生断棒2例，均再次手术更换断棒。结论：按肿瘤部位进行分区切除，选择相应的重建方式，达到尽可能广泛切除肿瘤组织和维持脊柱及骨盆稳定性的目的．是取得良好疗效的重要保证。     

唾液腺放射性损伤及其防护

放射治疗在头颈肿瘤的地位已得到广泛认同，但放疗并发症不容忽视，最常见的是放射性口干。其主要机制为放射诱导的唾液腺损伤，早期和晚期损伤的机制不同。目前对唾液腺放射防护的研究主要集中在放射防护剂、放射技术、基因转移技术等多个方面。     

第二产程产妇自由体位分娩效果的研究

目的 探讨产妇在第二产程中采取自由体位对分娩效果及舒适瘦的影响。方法 随机将152例初产妇分为观察组77例和对照组75例。观察组产妇在第二产程根据产妇的意愿采取半卧位、侧卧位、蹲位、坐位等自由体位，接生时采用半卧蹲坐位。对照组产妇采取床头抬高30°的截石位分娩。比较2组第二产程的长度及产后的舒适度。结果 观察组第二产程较对照组缩短（P〈0．01），产后双下肢酸痛、麻木不适较对照组显著减轻，舒适度增加。结论 第二产程自由体位可有效缩短产程并缓解分娩体位的不适。